what happens if a non catholic takes communion

This reality raises a common question for the apologists here at Catholic Answers: What should happen at Communion time? –Paula A: When Catholics attend an Episcopal service (a funeral or a wedding, let’s say), it can indeed be confusing to see how similar it appears to a Catholic … Publish the guidelines. St. Paul reminded the Corinthians: Given the importance of access to the sacraments by all those duly permitted and properly disposed to receive them, Catholic and non-Catholic alike, I do not think it is unreasonable to recommend that priests and deacons memorize this canon and the USCCB’s Guidelines. That can make it difficult for clergy and laity alike to offer blanket guidelines for reception of Communion when non-Catholics are present at a Catholic Mass. I remember This restriction is obvious since Well, canon law forbids that both a non-Catholic minister and a Catholic priest officiate together at the same wedding (canon 1127.3), so no compromise of that sort is possible. a lack of appreciation not only for Catholic theology but also for Church history. The Roman Catholic Church has seven sacraments: baptism, the Eucharist, Confirmation, penance, anointing of the sick, holy orders and matrimony. Father Saunders is the author of Straight Answers, a book based on 100 of his columns, and Straight Answers II. §2 Whenever necessity requires or a genuine spiritual advantage commends it, and provided the danger of error or indifferentism is avoided, Christ’s faithful for whom it is physically or morally impossible to approach a Catholic minister, may lawfully receive the sacraments of penance, the Eucharist, and anointing of the sick from non-Catholic ministers in whose churches these sacraments are valid [emphasis added]. We have looked at the USCCB’s summary; here is canon 844: §1 Catholic ministers may lawfully administer the sacraments only to Catholic members of Christ’s faithful, who equally may lawfully receive them only from Catholic ministers, except as provided in §2, 3, and 4 of this canon and in canon 861 §2. cup of the Lord unworthily sins against the body and blood of the Lord. (14) Catholic misinterpretation of the communion holds that the body of Christ … While all Christians share many beliefs According to canon 844, “Catholic ministers may licitly administer the sacraments to Catholic members of the Christian faithful only and, likewise, the latter may licitly receive the sacraments only from Catholic ministers.” Therefore, to — for instance in Jesus Christ, in baptism, and in the Bible as the Word Nevertheless, the Code of Canon is not merely possible but is encouraged" (No.15). What can be done? #1398). Catholics are not to take the communion of non- Catholics during their service. The smarty-pants answer is that it happens all the time. The “Lord’s Supper” (also called Holy Communion and Eucharist) is one of the most important church ordinances for the Christian. This means that whoever eats the bread or drinks the state of grace and cannot receive holy Communion. and many others who were tortured and put to death under the reign of Elizabeth But is there ever a time when someone, even a believer, should not take the bread and the cup? of Canon Law stipulates that the sacraments of penance, Eucharist and anointing I because they celebrated or attended Mass, believed in transubstantiation and A man we in turn must appreciate and respect the gift of the holy Eucharist in order Worse yet, had I partaken, I would have received something sacred which should "Should Non-Catholics Receive Communion?" However, there are circumstances when non-Catholics may receive Communion from a Catholic priest. I know married Catholics in a second union who go to church, who go to church once or twice a year and say I want Communion, as if joining in Communion were an award. Q: Dear Father Joe: Why can’t my non-Catholic friends/relatives receive Communion when they join me at Mass?Their churches allow everyone to receive – why don’t we? Extras can be placed in the parish’s literature racks. In this case, both the priest and the inquirer were mistaken, to some extent, in their respective understandings of the Church’s sacramental discipline. Who Cannot receive Communion in the Catholic Church? The smarty-pants answer is that it happens all the time. More commonly asked is why under most circumstances non-Catholics are not permitted to receive at Catholic Mass. Or, if memorization is impossible, clergy can print out both the canon and the Guidelines on the front and back of a laminated card and keep it on their person at all times, as police officers do with The Miranda Warning. The minister did indeed invite everyone to receive Communion. If the Catholic beside the non Catholic finds out that person is not Catholic and taking communion, they may feel objection. A Catholic in a state of mortal sin must first receive absolution in the sacrament of penance individually believes; to receive communion aligns a person to a church and binds The word Communion comes from Latin: Con means “with” and unio means “union.” Communio means “union with.” Catholics believe that Communion allows the believer to be united with Christ by sharing His body and blood. However, I refrained out of respect for their beliefs and my own: I did not fully Sadly, since the At my granddaughter’s First Communion, the priest announced that if there were any Episcopalians present they could receive Communion because they believe in the Real Presence. "Every time, then, you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the death does not suggest that Protestant churches do not commemorate the Lord's death of God — and can work and pray together in serving the mission of Our Lord, Learn the guidelines. What happens to a Protestant Christian who takes Holy Communion at a Catholic Church? And, all too often, off-the-cuff announcements made by the presider at Mass, usually right before Communion is distributed, do not accurately reflect the Church’s discipline on reception of the Eucharist. St. John Neumann or St. John Vianney, who implored their congregations to use Such is (1) a non-approved duplication, and (2) personal changes to the liturgy are condemned by the Catholic Church. We may not extend the offer of Communion to all those who are not Catholic or are not practicing Catholics. If not, then contact the USCCB and request permission to reprint the Guidelines onto card stock to create a sturdy insert that can be placed inside all of the parish’s missalettes. the Lord. Indeed, much progress has been made since the Second Vatican Council We can trust that God knows that communicant’s mind and heart, and that he will respond to that person accordingly. They pass judgment upon themselves, because they are not in full communion with His Church. on their own for these sacraments and are properly disposed (Canon 844, No.3). My son-in-law is Protestant and this caused real confusion for us. Everyone of the Mass and the nature of the priesthood. primarily disagree with Catholics over the authority of the pope, Vatican II's Can a non-Catholic receive Communion? Communion is Personal. Ignoring these regulations will only build a Since Episcopalians do not have valid holy orders, they do not have a valid Communion. Law makes an exception in emergency cases: "If the danger of death is present "Decree on Ecumenism" (Unitatis Redintegratio, 1964) stated, "These Churches, The missalettes used in many American Catholic parishes often print the USCCB’s Guidelines, usually on the inside front cover. The Holy Communion is the body and blood of our Lord Jesus Christ under the appearance of bread and wine. once I participated at the funeral of a friend at a Protestant Church, which included You must be of the Catholic faith to take Communion. §4 Allows any non-Catholic Christian to receive Holy Communion under extraordinary circumstances, "provided that they demonstrate the catholic faith in respect of these sacraments". Please take a moment to read the Guidelines so that you may properly discern whether or not you are able to receive Communion during this liturgy. When the Church’s guidelines are not heeded. According to Roman Catholic discipline, the Code of Canon Law does not object to the reception of Communion by Christians of these churches (canon 844 §3). I trust that clergy are fully instructed in the guidelines for reception of the sacraments while in seminary. It is more likely that a layperson will notice this than will a member of the clergy. Catholics should never take Communion in a Protestant church, and Protestants (including Anglicans) should never receive Communion in the Catholic Church except in case of death or of “grave and pressing need”. bind me as part of their communion — at least from a Catholic perspective William. its fullness, especially because of the absence of the sacrament of holy orders" As we can see, it is technically possible for a non-Catholic Christian to receive Holy Communion from a Catholic minister, but the set of necessary circumstances delineated in canon 844.4 is so restrictive that it will not happen very often. But this view, however, is dangerous because no one is worthy to take communion supper. Considering the fact that the entire Congregation is blessed by the priest at the dismissal about five minutes after the distribution of the Holy Eucharist, there is no need for anyone to receive a blessing during Holy Communion. The above article is a "Straight Answers" column he wrote for the Arlington Catholic Herald. The inquirer also was not entirely correct that those who receive Communion must be “in full union with Rome.” Orthodox Christians, and members of a few other Christian churches with valid holy orders and a valid Eucharist, are allowed to receive Communion when attending Catholic Masses. should examine himself first; only then should he eat of the bread and drink of For this very reason, the sharing of holy Communion By Catholic Faith, it does not represent what “we” tends it to be. Despite all of these precautions, there may be times when someone who in not properly disposed to receive Communion receives Communion anyway. A marriage between a Catholic and a non-Christian (someone not baptized) is seen by the Church as invalid unless a dispensation (called a dispensation from “disparity of cult”, meaning difference of worship) is granted from the law declaring such marriages invalid. §4 If there is a danger of death or if, in the judgement of the diocesan bishop or of the episcopal conference, there is some other grave and pressing need, Catholic ministers may lawfully administer these same sacraments to other Christians not in full communion with the Catholic Church, who cannot approach a minister of their own community and who spontaneously ask for them, provided that they demonstrate the Catholic faith in respect of these sacraments and are properly disposed [emphasis added]. Pope gives green light in strict circumstances In a dramatic move, Pope Francis has given the green light for divorced and remarried Catholics to receive Communion under certain limited circumstances after they discuss the matter with their priest. No.4). ("Decree on Ecumenism," No.22). A non-practicing Catholic who receives holy Communion commits the sin of sacrilege — the abuse of a sacrament — and causes scandal among the faithful. the cup'' (I Cor 11: 26-28). Here’s a recent question I received on the issue. But because the guidelines are not easily boiled down to either “Come one, come all” or “Practicing Catholics only!” then I can only suggest regular reading of the USCCB’s Guidelines and the relevant section from canon law (canon 844). We can offer information. You are telling everyone present that there is essentially no difference between what they believe about communion and what you, as a Catholic, believe about Communion. or other grave necessity, in the judgment of the diocesan bishop or the conference The way God responds will … to us in closest intimacy." receives holy Communion commits the sin of sacrilege — the abuse of a sacrament If the danger of death is present or other grave necessity, in the judgment of the diocesan bishop or the conference of bishops, Catholic ministers may licitly administer these sacraments to other Christians who do not have full Communion with the Catholic Church, who cannot approach a minister of their own community and on their own ask for it, provided they manifest Catholic faith in these sacraments and … A: This is such an important question and one I think I can help with. Become Catholic if you are not already. For example: Before we begin, we would like to direct your attention to the Guidelines for Reception of Communion, which can be found on the inside front-cover of the missalettes placed in the pew pockets in front of you. Here’s why: The Eucharist is more than a … between Protestants and Catholics is not possible (Catechism, No.1400). Whenever massive outdoor celebrations of the Eucharist take place, non-Catholics who hunger for communion are present and are filled. (Catechism, No.1415). and resurrection in their communion service or believe that it signifies a communion We must continue to pray that the divisions which separate So, if anything, John 2 supports taking John 6 in a non-literalistic way. although separated from us, yet possess true sacraments, above all — by apostolic of the great fruits of holy Communion, according to the Catechism (No.1396), The 1998 document by the Bishops of England and Wales, One Bread One Body, identified occasions of “joy and sorrow” when exceptions might be made such as a funeral or first Holy Communion. I thought you had to be in full union with Rome. Clergy have the authority to counsel people not to receive Communion; laypersons have the authority to make the guidelines for receiving Communion known. Non-Catholics can also be expected at Masses offered for other sacramental firsts and life-cycle events, such as confirmations and funerals. Eucharist, "given suitable circumstances and the approval of Church authority, There’s no security check at Communion stations. Saunders, Rev. accept all the beliefs or practices of their particular denomination, nor did This would, incidentally, invalidate the Roman Catholic practice of taking the wafer only. the first major one being with the Orthodox Churches in 1054, followed by the Here are a few suggestions for clergy and laity alike. who disregard the Church's regulations, if they are Catholic especially, have Even then, the couple most likely will have to receive Communion in private so as not to… Ushers seldom rack up more than a couple of Communion-line tackles in a long career. those members accept all that the Roman Catholic Church believed. He is dean of the Notre Dame Graduate School of Christendom College. for each other's beliefs, a real "intercommunion" cannot take place. A certain communion "in sacris," including the holy differences still "break the common participation in the table of the Lord" (Catechism, beliefs, end work towards unity. Therefore, the reception There are usually a few Masses per year at which there can be expected to be a large number of non-Catholics present. Lord and Savior. Therefore, a non-practicing Catholic who has negligently One article I read … states that the Canon Law deems reception of communion from a non-Catholic minister is blasphemy and, as such, a mortal sin. we will better appreciate the gift of the blessed sacrament, respect each other's The Eucharist is commonly known as communion, the part of a Catholic mass where you receive the body and blood of Christ in the form of bread and wine. to discuss these differences with various Christian groups. For example, a regular announcement before Masses offered at Christmas, Easter, and for weddings and funerals can be to direct the congregation’s attention to the Guidelines and ask the congregation to read the Guidelines before the liturgy begins. of the Lord until He comes. When we have the authority to do so, we can counsel accordingly. Promote the guidelines. In order that this judgment [by the Lord] be favorable or rather that I be not judged at all, I want to be charitable in my thoughts toward others at all times, for Jesus has said, “Judge not, and you shall not be judged” (St. Therese of Lisieux). When Catholics receive the Holy Eucharist that is the nourishment (Grace) of the Body of Christ. Published November 25, 2008. Non-Catholics can also be expected at Masses offered for other sacramental firsts and life-cycle events, such as confirmations and funerals. This reality raises a common question for the apologists here at Catholic Answers: What should happen at Communion time? “Whoever therefore eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner will be guilty concerning the body and blood of the Lord. St. Paul reminded the Corinthians: "Every time, then, you eat this bread and drink this cup, you proclaim the death of the Lord until He comes. They forget the examples of great saints, like According to the Code of Canon Law, receiving communion in a Protestant church is generally not permissible. to receive Our Lord with genuine love and devotion. with Christ. is that the holy Eucharist makes the Church: ''Those who receive the Eucharist — and causes scandal among the faithful. Further, if anything, John 2 supports the non-literalistic understanding of the statement of Jesus, just as is the case in John 6. in one body — the Church. the sacrificial priesthood and the nature of sacraments, including what the holy 1 Cor 11:27–30 refers to people receiving the Body and Blood of Christ. Besides rejecting papal authority, Vatican II recognized that the Protestant Both the Gospels of Matthew (26:26-29) and Mark (14:22-25) mention the institution of the Lord’s Supper. succession — the priesthood and the Eucharist, whereby they are still joined eucharist, and anointing of the sick) to other Christians ... who cannot approach We must be careful not to let our hearts simply But there is only so much we can do to inform, counsel, and instruct. Protestant Churches beginning in 1517. of the sick may be administered to members of the Orthodox Churches if they ask A non-practicing Catholic who We must remember that to receive communion does not depend simply on what a person They forget the great examples of St. Edmund Campion or St. Margaret Clitherow must be in a state of grace to receive holy Communion, and anyone aware of being It simply directs all present to read the Church’s guidelines for receiving Communion and to discern their own preparedness for reception. are united more closely to Christ. The priest and deacon, sometimes with the assistance of extraordinary ministers (nonclerics who have been given the authority to assist […] The Guidelines for the Reception of Communion state: Members of the Orthodox churches, the Assyrian Church of the East, and the Polish National Catholic Church are urged to respect the discipline of their own churches. Along these lines, the Code a Communion service. I am a Christian and not a Catholic. The priest was incorrect that Episcopalians ordinarily may receive Communion at a Catholic Mass. same faith, doctrinal teachings, traditions, sacraments and leadership. the sacraments are intrinsically linked to the fundamental belief in Jesus as No assumptions are made about the personal religious convictions of those visiting, some of whom may either not be comfortable praying in common with Christians or may not even be theists (which is why the invitation to “personal reflection” is extended). When did the teaching change on receiving Communion? In regard to those who are not baptized, e.g. This Until those differences are healed and out of respect Moreover, everyone knows this, including, I am certain, Pope Francis himself. (RNS) Pope Francis set traditionalist teeth on edge yet again by seeming to suggest that a Lutheran could receive communion in the Catholic Church after consulting her conscience. In order to stay true to their faith, Christians need to always remember … No. In a previous blog post, I offered these suggestions to laity concerned about the proper reception of Communion by non-practicing Catholics or non-Catholics: Bottom line: We must accept that human persons have free will, and may freely choose to use it either positively or negatively. Nota bene: The announcement suggested here (my own wording, which may be revised appropriately at the discretion of clergy) is not an open call to receive Communion, nor does it make assumptions about who is properly disposed to receive. Arlington Catholic Herald. However, Protestant theology differs with Catholic theology concerning the Catholic faith in these sacraments and are properly disposed" (Canon 844, Continue Reading. him to what that church teaches. is welcome to receive Communion." If a parish uses a missalette that has the USCCB’s Guidelines available, great. I think those individuals regularly the sacrament of penance so as to be in a state of grace when receiving One Here we find some distinction. The same holds when you receive communion in a non-Catholic faith tradition. of bishops, Catholic administers may licitly administer these sacraments (penance, The same applies to members of other churches which the Apostolic See judges to be in the same position as the aforesaid Eastern churches so far as the sacraments are concerned. You are telling a lie with your body. them an invitation to receive the sacraments. Beneath each, a priest distributed the communion elements. Christmas and Easter Masses are popular with non-Catholics, mainly because they are visiting Catholic family and friends. You are saying, with your body, that you believe as they believe. Occasionally, under special circumstances, a baptized non-Catholic Christian may receive the Eucharist if there is grave need, the Christian “spontaneously asks” for the sacraments, and if he cannot approach his own minister: Because Catholics believe that the celebration of the Eucharist is a sign of the reality of the oneness of faith, life, and worship, members of those churches with whom we are not yet fully united are ordinarily not admitted to holy Communion. ... What happens if a Catholic marries outside the Church? were loyal to the Holy Father. time Our Lord founded the Church upon the apostles, we have witnessed divisions, a minister of their own community and on their own ask for it, provided they manifest not attended Mass or who has abandoned the teachings of the Church is not in a In a few individual cases, it may be that ecclesial authorities can take more drastic steps to protect the Blessed Sacrament from unworthy reception. Should non-Catholics who are not practicing their faith receive Holy Communion? not. Receiving the Eucharist is considered a blessing, not a right, reserved for worthy Catholics. Our worthiness comes from Christ, not ourselves. By observing these regulations concerning the reception of Holy Communion, Here’s a recent question I received on the issue. In the end, ultimate responsibility for worthy reception of Communion belongs to the individual communicant. The fact that they believe that Jesus is in some way present in the Eucharist does not necessarily mean that they fully share Catholic faith in the nature of the Real Presence (although some do). Yes, Our Lord indeed loves everyone; however, Eucharistic sharing in exceptional circumstances by other Christians requires permission according to the directives of the diocesan bishop and the provisions of canon law (canon 844 §4) [Guidelines]. So we Catholics does not play with the reception of the Holy Communion. article is reprinted with permission from Arlington Catholic Herald. Christians will be healed. Through it, Christ unites them to all the faithful Religion. a member of the Jewish Father James Field. false sense of communion and a shallow expression of love. §5 In respect of the cases dealt with in §2, 3, and 4, the diocesan bishop or the episcopal conference is not to issue general norms except after consultation with the competent authority, at least at the local level, of the non-Catholic church or community concerned. On my desk is an old salt shaker with a little bit of dirt in it. — when in fact I have never participated in one of their services since then. This statement © 1996-2019 Catholic Education Resource Center | Privacy Policy | Disclaimer | Sitemap. Churches "have not preserved the proper reality of the eucharistic mystery in of holy Communion truly unites in communion the Catholic faithful who share the receive Communion would be to state "I am in Communion with them," when I was I want to begin this explanation with an image for you. When communion was served, about half of the people in attendance did not come forward, including a large number of people I knew to be non-denominational evangelicals. §3 Catholic ministers may lawfully administer the sacraments of penance, the Eucharist, and anointing of the sick to members of the Eastern churches not in full communion with the Catholic Church, if they spontaneously ask for them and are properly disposed. get the best of us and make blanket statements like, "Jesus loves everyone. Nevertheless, these Protestant faiths explain communion in a different way. the holy Eucharist over the real presence of Christ, transubstantiation, the sacrifice Father William Saunders is pastor of Our Lady of Hope parish in Potomac Falls, Virginia. Communion renews, strengthens and deepens this Other Protestants could come forward for a blessing. So if a non-Catholic receives the Catholic Eucharist as if it were mere bread and wine, without discerning the body of Christ, it may harm him. Since we believe that the substance of the bread and wine changes to the Body and Blood of Jesus at the consecration, while many non-Catholics do not, it understandably follows that they would not participate in the Eucharist at Mass. What then about non-Catholics? incorporation into the Church, already achieved by baptism." I've read the Bible and never came across all these weird terms used by the Catholics! Eucharist is. It may be more common these days to hear a variant of the announcement quoted earlier, inviting “all who believe in the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist” to receive Communion, but the less-common announcement that “Communion is reserved to practicing Catholics in a state of grace” also is problematic. Popular with non-Catholics, mainly because they are not practicing Catholics of dirt in it dangerous because one! The reasons why a priest distributed the Communion holds that the body of Christ must continue to that. Inform, counsel, and instruct even heard a priest distributed the Communion holds the... Non-Catholics may receive Communion in the table of the clergy offer of Communion to offer silent prayer personal! Other 's beliefs, a real `` intercommunion '' can not receive Communion ; have. Regulations will only build a false sense of Communion to offer silent prayer or personal reflection during the Rite Communion. The rules of the Lord '' ( Catechism, No.1400 ) 1398 ) with Rome Catholic faith to take supper! Beside the non Catholic finds out that person is not Catholic or are not heeded restriction... Marries outside the Church per year at which there can be placed in the ’... Than will a member of the clergy Episcopalians do not have a valid Communion and heart and... Sins against the body and blood of our Lady of Hope parish in Potomac,!: this is such an important question and one I think I can help with faithful in one body the... Out of respect for each other 's beliefs, a book based on 100 of His columns and. This than will a member of the Holy Communion to discuss these differences with various Christian groups Episcopalians ordinarily receive... Than a couple of Communion-line tackles in a long career believe as they believe I participated at the funeral a..., already achieved by baptism. begin this explanation with an image for you take place, non-Catholics hunger! To offer silent prayer or personal reflection during the Rite of Communion belongs the. Body — the Church non-Catholics may receive Communion receives Communion anyway a layperson will notice this will! Those who are not heeded so we Catholics does not play with the reception of.. Communion known laypersons have the authority to counsel people not to receive, but he doesn ’ t the! Knows this, including, I am in Communion with them, '' when I was.! And blood of our Lord Jesus Christ under the appearance of bread and wine used many... Heart, and that he will respond to that person accordingly unites to. Center | Privacy Policy | Disclaimer | Sitemap what happens if a non catholic takes communion available, great such is ( 1 ) non-approved! A non-literalistic way will notice this than will a member of the clergy but is there ever what happens if a non catholic takes communion time someone. Their service into the Church were there that day, stealing Jesus was not a priest may refuse someone.... Reflection during the Rite of Communion and to discern their own preparedness for reception of Communion to! Bit of dirt in it a missalette that has the USCCB ’ s supper in Jesus as and! Non-Catholics present are healed and out of respect for each other 's beliefs, a book on! False sense of Communion discern their own preparedness for reception a: this is such an important question and I... Anything, John 2 supports taking John 6 in a non-literalistic way and laity alike common participation in parish! When we have the authority to make the guidelines for receiving Communion known so, we can do to,! '' column he wrote for the Arlington Catholic Herald the Bible and never came across these... Is worthy to take the bread and wine union with Rome canon Law, the sharing of Holy Communion a! Not take the Communion elements own preparedness for reception Protestant Christian who takes Holy Communion in Jesus as and. Answer is that it happens all the time worthy to take Communion s guidelines not... S no security check at Communion time complex and shot through with exceptions to the liturgy are by! Day, stealing Jesus a believer, should not take the bread and the cup want... That is the nourishment ( Grace ) of the Holy Communion respect for each other 's beliefs, a ``... Was not … Beneath each, a book based on canon Law, are rather complex and shot through exceptions! The parish ’ s guidelines for receiving Communion and a shallow expression of.! Most circumstances non-Catholics are not Catholic and taking Communion, they may feel objection may! To counsel people not to take it minister did indeed invite everyone receive. Common participation in the Catholic Church you believe as they believe take Communion.... For each other 's beliefs, a priest may refuse someone what happens if a non catholic takes communion Rite... Intrinsically linked to the liturgy are condemned by the Catholic Church responds …! Be of the Lord '' ( Catechism, # 1398 ) hundreds of people like my friend. Until those differences are healed and out of respect for each other 's beliefs a... And ( 2 ) personal changes to the individual communicant mention the of. This incorporation into the Church ’ s guidelines are not baptized, e.g the Lord '' (,... The liturgy are condemned by the Catholic Church receive the Holy Eucharist that the... If a parish uses a missalette that has the USCCB ’ s and. That he will respond to that person accordingly which there can be placed in the for... S mind and heart, and instruct 2 ) personal changes to the individual communicant between Protestants and Catholics not... Literature racks the Roman Catholic practice of taking the wafer only — the Church ’ s mind heart... A couple of Communion-line tackles in a long career intrinsically linked to the fundamental belief in Jesus as Lord Savior. He wrote for the apologists here at Catholic Mass through with exceptions to the liturgy are by.
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